Special Issue Article “Nerve Injury”

Responses of Several GABAA Receptors to Facial Nerve Injury in Rat

Kazuyuki Nakajima*

ABSTRACT

Facial motoneurons express an ion channel-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) that is constructed from five subunits, including  , and  subunits. The transection of rat facial nerve was reported to lead to a significant downregulation of the GABAAR1 subunit. In this study, we investigated a transition of GABAAR2,3 and GABAAR1 subunits in axotomized (i.e., injured) rat facial nucleus. Immunoblotting indicated that the levels of GABAAR1 significantly decreased in axotomized facial nucleus from 3 days to 5 weeks post-injury.

Keywords:

Facial nerve, Axotomy, GABAA receptor

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Special Issue Article “Brain Surgery”

Post-Traumatic Leptomeningeal Cysts in a Pre-Teenager: A Rare Complication of Paediatric Head Injury

Aliyu Muhammad Koko*

ABSTRACT

Post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst is an uncommon neurosurgical condition that may complicates skull fracture. We managed a 10-year old boy who presented with a focal seizure involving left upper limb with secondary generalisation three months prior to presentation. He has associated gradually progressing right parietal scalp swelling. Physical examination revealed conscious child, oriented in time, place and person with Glasgow coma score of fifteen. Pupils were 3mm and reacted normally to light, no cranial palsy, motor and sensory functions were intact in all limbs.

Keywords:

Leptomeningeal, Craniectomy, Duroplasty, Cranioplasty

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Gamma Knife Surgery in the Management of Residual Critical Deep-Seated Partially Cystic Pilocytic Astrocytomas

Raef Farouk Ahmed Hafez*

ABSTRACT

Objective: Complete surgical extirpation of pilocytic astrocytoma is usually curative, however when these tumors are critical deeply-seated gross total resection is usually not feasible and ill-advised because of the high morbidities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of Gamma Knife Surgery in the management of critical deep-seated postoperative residual partially cystic pilocytic astrocytoma <3cm in maximum diameter targeting the solid mural nodule.

Keywords:

Astrocytoma, Gamma knife surgery, Pilocytic astrocytoma, Stereotactic radiosurgery

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Special Issue Article “Cannabinoid”

Possible Mechanisms Responsible for Stress Predisposition to Cancer or to Autoimmune Diseases

Paolo Lissoni*, Giusy Messina, Roberto Trampetti, Andrea Sassola, Enrica Porta, Giorgio Porro and Giuseppe Di Fede

ABSTRACT

Today it is known that the enhanced brain opioid system activity represent the major neurochemical variation occurring in stress conditions. Moreover, it has been shown that a chronic opioid hyperactivation may suppress the anticancer immunity, and promote cancer development.

Keywords:

Cannabinoid system, Melatonin, Neuroimmunomodulation, Opioid system, Pineal gland, Stress

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Special Issue Article “Mental Health Services”

The Role of Gender in Personality Disorders

Waqar Husain Sukoon1* and Umme Furwah2

ABSTRACT

Personality is referred to the individualist characteristics of a person which differentiate him from others. The deviant reflections of these characteristics lead to personality disorders. The current study intended to measure gender-based differences in personality disorders. The sample included 332 participants (188 men and 144 women).

Keywords:

Personality disorders, Gender

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Special Issue Article “Neurovascular Surgery”

Results in Neurodevelopment after Open Cardiac Surgery in Pediatric Patients

Adriana Nieto-Sanjuanero*, Arturo Alejandro García-Ramírez, Ramón Gerardo Sánchez-Cortés, Joshua Rodrigo De la O-Vega, Arturo Gerardo Garza-Alatorre and Manuel Enrique De la O-Cavazos

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Heart diseases are considered among the most frequent congenital malformations; they have a great impact on pediatric morbidity and mortality. Children with congenital heart disease present motor and neurocognitive deficits, as well as specific functions such as attention and executive functions can be affected.

Keywords:

Cardiac surgery, Heart disease, Neurodevelopment, Pediatrics

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Special Issue Article “Electroencephalography”

Toward a SSSEP-Based BCI Using the Sensory Gating Phenomenon

José Rouillard*, François Cabestaing, Marie-Hélène Bekaert and Jean-Marc Vannobel

ABSTRACT

A physiological phenomenon named movement-related sensory gating has been described in the literature in the late 80s. To the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been exploited in the BCI domain. We consider that this phenomenon could significantly decrease the resonance-like frequency of Steady State Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSSEP) and be exploited as a voluntary command of the user will.

Keywords:

BCI; SSSEP; Movement-related sensory gating; Resonance-like frequency; Fibration; Steady state somatosensory evoked; potential

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Stand-Alone Titanium versus Polyetheretherketone Cage Following One or Two Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease

Kamrul Ahsan*, Shahidul Islam Khan, Sachindra Raj Joshi, Bipin Chaurasia and Shaikh Sadiul Islam

ABSTRACT

Background: Titanium (TC) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages are acceptable grafts for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF), restoring disc space height, relieving cord compression, and providing enlargement of previously stenotic neural foramina. Here, we compared the clinical and radiological, outcomes and complications utilizing TC vs. PEEK cages for Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease (DCDD).

Keywords:

Titanium cage, PEEK cage, ACDF and Degenerative Cervical Disc, Disease (DCDD)

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